Justice that also makes space for animal welfare (PG 10)(GS 2)
Consider this example, from the philosopher Martha Nussbaum’s book, Justice for Animals: Our Collective Responsibility. • An animal, Susan, goes about her life, doing all the things that an animal of Susan’s sort would. But while pursuing her goals, she runs into various hurdles, a few frivolous, and unimportant to her life, and a few that are more serious — an illness, a storm that wrecks her home, and so forth. So far, it is clear that while Susan has met with problems, she has not suff•ered injustice. • But, say, just as Susan is going about her business, another creature encroaches on her space, stops her from reaching her goals. We might still not have entered the realm of injustice. • What, though, if Susan’s home was destroyed deliberately by a creature that ought to have known better? • Suppose Susan was kept captive in unsanitary conditions, was not allowed to walk about, and suff•ered violence at the hands of the other creature. Nussbaum says, if Susan were a human being, it would be apparent to us that she had suff•ered injustice.